Last year, the Indian wind energy industry was flying high.
Capacity addition hit a record high of 5,400 megawatt (MW), global giants such as Enercon and Vestas re-entered the Indian market, wind turbine manufacturers prepared to expand their manufacturing facilities, and the sector looked set to create 25,000 new jobs.
Naturally, many thought 2017 would be even better. “We are confident that in FY18 the wind industry will deliver 6,000MW of new capacity,” Tulsi Tanti, chairman and managing director of wind turbine manufacturer Suzlon, told the Hindu Business Line newspaper in April.
Then, one of India’s fastest-growing clean energy sectors hit an air pocket.
“In the first quarter this year, only around 250-odd MW have come up and the predictions for this year are also gloomy,” said Amit Kumar, a partner at consulting firm PwC, who focuses on the renewables sector. “The expectation is that it will be around 1,000-1,200 MW of installations.”
The trigger for this dramatic slowdown is a change in the process that determines wind-power tariffs in India. Previously, the electricity regulatory authorities of various states would fix a feed-in tariff, which guarantee long-term payments at a pre-determined price, and sign power purchase agreements (PPAs) with private wind power developers. Now, the Narendra Modi government has allowed for auctions to be conducted to determine the tariff, which would typically be lower than those set earlier.
Not only has this caused uncertainty—since auction guidelines haven’t been made available yet—there is now also a growing risk that state governments may backtrack on PPAs signed earlier as they seek lower tariffs. Around 1,000 MW of projects across Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh could be affected due to this.
The ensuing crisis has put the Modi government’s ambitious target of generating 60 gigawatt (GW, one GW = 1,000 MW) of wind power by 2022 under a cloud. With a current installed capacity of 32 gigawatt (GW), India would have to add an average of 6,000 MW every year to meet the target. So far, the addition has been only 2,000 MW, according to the Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA).

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